BigDecimal (Danger API)

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java.math
Class BigDecimal

java.lang.Object
  java.lang.Number
      java.math.BigDecimal

All Implemented Interfaces:: Serializable, Comparable<BigDecimal>

public class BigDecimal
extends Number
implements Serializable, Comparable<BigDecimal>
extends Number
implements Serializable, Comparable<BigDecimal>

The BigDecimal class implements immutable arbitrary-precision decimal numbers. The methods of the BigDecimal class provide operations for fixed and floating point arithmetic, comparison, format conversions, and hashing.

As the numbers are decimal, there is an exact correspondence between an instance of a BigDecimal object and its String representation; the BigDecimal class provides direct conversions to and from String and character array (char[]) objects, as well as conversions to and from the Java primitive types (which may not be exact) and BigInteger.

In the descriptions of constructors and methods in this documentation, the value of a BigDecimal number object is shown as the result of invoking the toString() method on the object. The internal representation of a decimal number is neither defined nor exposed, and is not permitted to affect the result of any operation.

The floating point arithmetic provided by this class is defined by the ANSI X3.274-1996 standard, and is also documented at http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal
[This URL will change.]

Operator methods

Operations on BigDecimal numbers are controlled by a MathContext object, which provides the context (precision and other information) for the operation. Methods that can take a MathContext parameter implement the standard arithmetic operators for BigDecimal objects and are known as operator methods. The MathContext parameter must not be null.

Each operator method also has a version provided which does not take a MathContext parameter. For this version of each method, the context settings used are digits=0, form=PLAIN, lostDigits=false, roundingMode=ROUND_HALF_UP; these settings perform fixed point arithmetic with unlimited precision, as defined for the original BigDecimal class in Java 1.1 and Java 1.2.

For monadic operators, only the optional MathContext parameter is present; the operation acts upon the current object.

For dyadic operators, a BigDecimal parameter is always present; it must not be null. The operation acts with the current object being the left-hand operand and the BigDecimal parameter being the right-hand operand.

For example, adding two BigDecimal objects referred to by the names award and extra could be written as any of:

award.add(extra) award.add(extra, MathContext.DEFAULT) award.add(extra, acontext)

(where acontext is a MathContext object), which would return a BigDecimal object whose value is the result of adding award and extra under the appropriate context settings.

When a BigDecimal operator method is used, a set of rules define what the result will be (and, by implication, how the result would be represented as a character string). These rules are defined in the BigDecimal arithmetic documentation (see the URL above), but in summary:

Results are normally calculated with up to some maximum number of significant digits. For example, if the MathContext parameter for an operation were MathContext.DEFAULT then the result would be rounded to 9 digits; the division of 2 by 3 would then result in 0.666666667.
You can change the default of 9 significant digits by providing the method with a suitable MathContext object. This lets you calculate using as many digits as you need -- thousands, if necessary. Fixed point (scaled) arithmetic is indicated by using a digits setting of 0 (or omitting the MathContext parameter).
Similarly, you can change the algorithm used for rounding from the default "classic" algorithm.
In standard arithmetic (that is, when the form setting is not PLAIN), a zero result is always expressed as the single digit '0' (that is, with no sign, decimal point, or exponent part).
Except for the division and power operators in standard arithmetic, trailing zeros are preserved (this is in contrast to binary floating point operations and most electronic calculators, which lose the information about trailing zeros in the fractional part of results).
So, for example:
new BigDecimal("2.40").add( new BigDecimal("2")) => "4.40" new BigDecimal("2.40").subtract(new BigDecimal("2")) => "0.40" new BigDecimal("2.40").multiply(new BigDecimal("2")) => "4.80" new BigDecimal("2.40").divide( new BigDecimal("2"), def) => "1.2"
where the value on the right of the => would be the result of the operation, expressed as a String, and def (in this and following examples) refers to MathContext.DEFAULT). This preservation of trailing zeros is desirable for most calculations (including financial calculations). If necessary, trailing zeros may be easily removed using division by 1.

In standard arithmetic, exponential form is used for a result depending on its value and the current setting of digits (the default is 9 digits). If the number of places needed before the decimal point exceeds the digits setting, or the absolute value of the number is less than 0.000001, then the number will be expressed in exponential notation; thus

new BigDecimal("1e+6").multiply(new BigDecimal("1e+6"), def)

results in 1E+12 instead of 1000000000000, and

new BigDecimal("1").divide(new BigDecimal("3E+10"), def)

results in 3.33333333E-11 instead of 0.0000000000333333333.

The form of the exponential notation (scientific or engineering) is determined by the form setting.

The names of methods in this class follow the conventions established by java.lang.Number, java.math.BigInteger, and java.math.BigDecimal in Java 1.1 and Java 1.2.

See Also:: MathContext, Serialized Form

Field Summary
`static BigDecimal`	`ONE` The `BigDecimal` constant "1".
`static int`	`ROUND_CEILING` Rounding mode to round to a more positive number.
`static int`	`ROUND_DOWN` Rounding mode to round towards zero.
`static int`	`ROUND_FLOOR` Rounding mode to round to a more negative number.
`static int`	`ROUND_HALF_DOWN` Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded down.
`static int`	`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded to the nearest even neighbor.
`static int`	`ROUND_HALF_UP` Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded up.
`static int`	`ROUND_UNNECESSARY` Rounding mode to assert that no rounding is necessary.
`static int`	`ROUND_UP` Rounding mode to round away from zero.
`static BigDecimal`	`TEN` The `BigDecimal` constant "10".
`static BigDecimal`	`ZERO` The `BigDecimal` constant "0".

Constructor Summary
`BigDecimal(BigInteger bi)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object from a `BigInteger`, with scale 0.
`BigDecimal(BigInteger bi, int scale)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object from a `BigInteger` and a scale.
`BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(BigInteger val, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(char[] inchars)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object from an array of characters.
`BigDecimal(char[] inchars, int offset, int length)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object from an array of characters.
`BigDecimal(char[] in, int offset, int len, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(char[] in, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(double num)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object directly from a `double`.
`BigDecimal(double val, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(int num)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object directly from a `int`.
`BigDecimal(int val, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(long num)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object directly from a `long`.
`BigDecimal(long val, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal(String string)` Constructs a `BigDecimal` object from a `String`.
`BigDecimal(String val, MathContext mc)`

Method Summary
`BigDecimal`	`abs()` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is the absolute value of this `BigDecimal`.
`BigDecimal`	`abs(MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is the absolute value of this `BigDecimal`.
`BigDecimal`	`add(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this+rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic.
`BigDecimal`	`add(BigDecimal rhs, MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `this+rhs`.
`byte`	`byteValue()`
`byte`	`byteValueExact()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `byte`.
`int`	`compareTo(BigDecimal rhs)` Compares this `BigDecimal` to another, using unlimited precision.
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this/rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic.
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs, int round)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this/rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic and a rounding mode.
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs, int scale, int round)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this/rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic and a given scale and rounding mode.
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs, int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode)`
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs, MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `this/rhs`.
`BigDecimal`	`divide(BigDecimal rhs, RoundingMode roundingMode)`
`BigDecimal[]`	`divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor)`
`BigDecimal[]`	`divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)`
`BigDecimal`	`divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor)`
`BigDecimal`	`divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc)`
`double`	`doubleValue()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `double`.
`boolean`	`equals(Object obj)` Compares this `BigDecimal` with `rhs` for equality.
`float`	`floatValue()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `float`.
`int`	`hashCode()` Returns the hashcode for this `BigDecimal`.
`int`	`intValue()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to an `int`.
`int`	`intValueExact()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to an `int`.
`long`	`longValue()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `long`.
`long`	`longValueExact()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `long`.
`BigDecimal`	`max(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is the maximum of `this` and `rhs`.
`BigDecimal`	`min(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is the minimum of `this` and `rhs`.
`BigDecimal`	`movePointLeft(int n)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose decimal point has been moved to the left by a specified number of positions.
`BigDecimal`	`movePointRight(int n)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose decimal point has been moved to the right by a specified number of positions.
`BigDecimal`	`multiply(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this*rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic.
`BigDecimal`	`multiply(BigDecimal rhs, MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `this*rhs`.
`BigDecimal`	`negate()` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `-this`.
`BigDecimal`	`negate(MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `-this`.
`BigDecimal`	`plus()` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `+this`.
`BigDecimal`	`plus(MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `+this`.
`BigDecimal`	`pow(int n)`
`BigDecimal`	`pow(int n, MathContext mc)`
`int`	`precision()`
`BigDecimal`	`remainder(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is the remainder of `this/rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic.
`BigDecimal`	`remainder(BigDecimal rhs, MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is the remainder of `this/rhs`.
`BigDecimal`	`round(MathContext set)`
`int`	`scale()` Returns the scale of this `BigDecimal`.
`BigDecimal`	`scaleByPowerOfTen(int n)`
`BigDecimal`	`setScale(int scale)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` with a given scale.
`BigDecimal`	`setScale(int scale, int round)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` with a given scale.
`BigDecimal`	`setScale(int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode)`
`short`	`shortValue()`
`short`	`shortValueExact()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `short`.
`int`	`signum()` Returns the sign of this `BigDecimal`, as an `int`.
`BigDecimal`	`stripTrailingZeros()`
`BigDecimal`	`subtract(BigDecimal rhs)` Returns a plain `BigDecimal` whose value is `this-rhs`, using fixed point arithmetic.
`BigDecimal`	`subtract(BigDecimal rhs, MathContext set)` Returns a `BigDecimal` whose value is `this-rhs`.
`BigInteger`	`toBigInteger()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `java.math.BigInteger`.
`BigInteger`	`toBigIntegerExact()` Converts this `BigDecimal` to a `java.math.BigInteger`.
`String`	`toEngineeringString()`
`String`	`toPlainString()`
`String`	`toString()` Returns the `BigDecimal` as a `String`.
`BigDecimal`	`ulp()`
`BigInteger`	`unscaledValue()` Returns the number as a `BigInteger` after removing the scale.
`static BigDecimal`	`valueOf(double dub)` Translates a `double` to a `BigDecimal`.
`static BigDecimal`	`valueOf(long lint)` Translates a `long` to a `BigDecimal`.
`static BigDecimal`	`valueOf(long lint, int scale)` Translates a `long` to a `BigDecimal` with a given scale.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

ZERO

public static final BigDecimal ZERO

The BigDecimal constant "0".

See Also:: ONE, TEN

ONE

public static final BigDecimal ONE

The BigDecimal constant "1".

See Also:: TEN, ZERO

TEN

public static final BigDecimal TEN

The BigDecimal constant "10".

See Also:: ONE, ZERO

ROUND_CEILING

public static final int ROUND_CEILING

Rounding mode to round to a more positive number.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_DOWN

public static final int ROUND_DOWN

Rounding mode to round towards zero.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_FLOOR

public static final int ROUND_FLOOR

Rounding mode to round to a more negative number.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_HALF_DOWN

public static final int ROUND_HALF_DOWN

Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded down.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_HALF_EVEN

public static final int ROUND_HALF_EVEN

Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded to the nearest even neighbor.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_HALF_UP

public static final int ROUND_HALF_UP

Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded up.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_UNNECESSARY

public static final int ROUND_UNNECESSARY

Rounding mode to assert that no rounding is necessary.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ROUND_UP

public static final int ROUND_UP

Rounding mode to round away from zero.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

Constructor Detail

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(BigInteger bi)

Constructs a BigDecimal object from a BigInteger, with scale 0.

Constructs a BigDecimal which is the exact decimal representation of the BigInteger, with a scale of zero. The value of the BigDecimal is identical to the value of the BigInteger. The parameter must not be null.

The BigDecimal will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the BigInteger is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the BigInteger is zero.

Parameters:: bi - The BigInteger to be converted.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(BigInteger bi,
                  int scale)

Constructs a BigDecimal object from a BigInteger and a scale.

Constructs a BigDecimal which is the exact decimal representation of the BigInteger, scaled by the second parameter, which may not be negative. The value of the BigDecimal is the BigInteger divided by ten to the power of the scale. The BigInteger parameter must not be null.

The BigDecimal will contain only decimal digits, (with an embedded decimal point followed by scale decimal digits if the scale is positive), prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the BigInteger is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the BigInteger is zero.

Parameters:: bi - The BigInteger to be converted.; scale - The int specifying the scale.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the scale is negative.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(char[] inchars)

Constructs a BigDecimal object from an array of characters.

Constructs a BigDecimal as though a String had been constructed from the character array and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String) constructor had then been used. The parameter must not be null.

Using this constructor is faster than using the BigDecimal(String) constructor if the string is already available in character array form.

Parameters:: inchars - The char[] array containing the number to be converted.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the parameter is not a valid number.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(char[] in,
                  int offset,
                  int len,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(char[] in,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(String val,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(double val,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(BigInteger val,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal,
                  int scale,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(int val,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(long val,
                  MathContext mc)

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(char[] inchars,
                  int offset,
                  int length)

Constructs a BigDecimal object from an array of characters.

Constructs a BigDecimal as though a String had been constructed from the character array (or a subarray of that array) and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String) constructor had then been used. The first parameter must not be null, and the subarray must be wholly contained within it.

Using this constructor is faster than using the BigDecimal(String) constructor if the string is already available within a character array.

Parameters:: inchars - The char[] array containing the number to be converted.; offset - The int offset into the array of the start of the number to be converted.; length - The int length of the number.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the parameter is not a valid number for any reason.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(double num)

Constructs a BigDecimal object directly from a double.

Constructs a BigDecimal which is the exact decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary floating point parameter.

Note that this constructor it an exact conversion; it does not give the same result as converting num to a String using the Double.toString() method and then using the BigDecimal(java.lang.String) constructor. To get that result, use the static valueOf(double) method to construct a BigDecimal from a double.

Parameters:: num - The double to be converted.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the parameter is infinite or not a number.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(int num)

Constructs a BigDecimal object directly from a int.

Constructs a BigDecimal which is the exact decimal representation of the 32-bit signed binary integer parameter. The BigDecimal will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the parameter is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the parameter is zero.

Parameters:: num - The int to be converted.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(long num)

Constructs a BigDecimal object directly from a long.

Constructs a BigDecimal which is the exact decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary integer parameter. The BigDecimal will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the parameter is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the parameter is zero.

Parameters:: num - The long to be converted.

BigDecimal

public BigDecimal(String string)

Constructs a BigDecimal object from a String.

Constructs a BigDecimal from the parameter, which must not be null and must represent a valid number, as described formally in the documentation referred to above.

In summary, numbers in String form must have at least one digit, may have a leading sign, may have a decimal point, and exponential notation may be used. They follow conventional syntax, and may not contain blanks.

Some valid strings from which a BigDecimal might be constructed are:

       "0"         -- Zero
      "12"         -- A whole number
     "-76"         -- A signed whole number
      "12.70"      -- Some decimal places
     "+0.003"      -- Plus sign is allowed
      "17."        -- The same as 17
        ".5"       -- The same as 0.5
      "4E+9"       -- Exponential notation
       "0.73e-7"   -- Exponential notation

(Exponential notation means that the number includes an optional sign and a power of ten following an 'E' that indicates how the decimal point will be shifted. Thus the "4E+9" above is just a short way of writing 4000000000, and the "0.73e-7" is short for 0.000000073.)

The BigDecimal constructed from the String is in a standard form, with no blanks, as though the add(BigDecimal) method had been used to add zero to the number with unlimited precision. If the string uses exponential notation (that is, includes an e or an E), then the BigDecimal number will be expressed in scientific notation (where the power of ten is adjusted so there is a single non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point); in this case if the number is zero then it will be expressed as the single digit 0, and if non-zero it will have an exponent unless that exponent would be 0. The exponent must fit in nine digits both before and after it is expressed in scientific notation.

Any digits in the parameter must be decimal; that is, Character.digit(c, 10) (where c is the character in question) would not return -1.

Parameters:: string - The String to be converted.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the parameter is not a valid number.

Method Detail

abs

public BigDecimal abs()

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal.

The same as abs(MathContext), where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be this.scale()

Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal.

abs

public BigDecimal abs(MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal.

If the current object is zero or positive, then the same result as invoking the plus(MathContext) method with the same parameter is returned. Otherwise, the same result as invoking the negate(MathContext) method with the same parameter is returned.

Parameters:: set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal.

add

public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this+rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

The same as add(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the maximum of the scales of the two operands.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the addition.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this+rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

add

public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal rhs,
                      MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is this+rhs.

Implements the addition (+) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the addition.; set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this+rhs.

compareTo

public int compareTo(BigDecimal rhs)

Compares this BigDecimal to another, using unlimited precision.

The same as compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

Specified by:: compareTo in interface Comparable<BigDecimal>

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the comparison.
Returns:: An int whose value is -1, 0, or 1 as this is numerically less than, equal to, or greater than rhs.

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

The same as divide(BigDecimal, int), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the rounding mode is MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP. The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the same as the scale of the current object, if the latter were formatted without exponential notation.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the division.
Returns:: A plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
                         int round)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic and a rounding mode.

The same as divide(BigDecimal, int, int), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the second parameter is this.scale(), and the third is round.

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will therefore be the same as the scale of the current object, if the latter were formatted without exponential notation.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the division.; round - The int rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext class).
Returns:: A plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic and the specified rounding mode.
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if round is not a valid rounding mode.; ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.; ArithmeticException - if round is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY and this.scale() is insufficient to represent the result exactly.

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
                         RoundingMode roundingMode)

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
                         int scale,
                         RoundingMode roundingMode)

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
                         int scale,
                         int round)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic and a given scale and rounding mode.

The same as divide(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN, false, round), except that the length of the decimal part (the scale) to be used for the result is explicit rather than being taken from this.

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the same as the scale of the current object, if the latter were formatted without exponential notation.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the division.; scale - The int scale to be used for the result.; round - The int rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext class).
Returns:: A plain BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic and the specified rounding mode.
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if round is not a valid rounding mode.; ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.; ArithmeticException - if scale is negative.; ArithmeticException - if round is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY and scale is insufficient to represent the result exactly.

divide

public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
                         MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs.

Implements the division (/) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the division.; set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this/rhs.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.

divideToIntegralValue

public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor)

divideToIntegralValue

public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor,
                                        MathContext mc)

max

public BigDecimal max(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is the maximum of this and rhs.

The same as max(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the comparison.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the maximum of this and rhs.

min

public BigDecimal min(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is the minimum of this and rhs.

The same as min(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the comparison.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the minimum of this and rhs.

multiply

public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this*rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

The same as add(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the sum of the scales of the operands, if they were formatted without exponential notation.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the multiplication.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this*rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

multiply

public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal rhs,
                           MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is this*rhs.

Implements the multiplication (*) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the multiplication.; set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this*rhs.

negate

public BigDecimal negate()

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is -this.

The same as negate(MathContext), where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be be this.scale()

Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is -this.

negate

public BigDecimal negate(MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is -this.

Implements the negation (Prefix -) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

Parameters:: set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is -this.

plus

public BigDecimal plus()

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is +this. Note that this is not necessarily a plain BigDecimal, but the result will always be.

The same as plus(MathContext), where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be be this.scale()

Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is +this.

plus

public BigDecimal plus(MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is +this.

Implements the plus (Prefix +) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

This method is useful for rounding or otherwise applying a context to a decimal value.

Parameters:: set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is +this.

pow

public BigDecimal pow(int n)

pow

public BigDecimal pow(int n,
                      MathContext mc)

precision

public int precision()

ulp

public BigDecimal ulp()

scaleByPowerOfTen

public BigDecimal scaleByPowerOfTen(int n)

divideAndRemainder

public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor)

divideAndRemainder

public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor,
                                       MathContext mc)

remainder

public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is the remainder of this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

The same as remainder(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

This is not the modulo operator -- the result may be negative.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the remainder operation.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the remainder of this/rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.

remainder

public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal rhs,
                            MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is the remainder of this/rhs.

Implements the remainder operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

This is not the modulo operator -- the result may be negative.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the remainder operation.; set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is the remainder of this+rhs.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if rhs is zero.; ArithmeticException - if the integer part of the result will not fit in the number of digits specified for the context.

subtract

public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal rhs)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is this-rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

The same as subtract(BigDecimal, MathContext), where the BigDecimal is rhs, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN).

The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the maximum of the scales of the two operands.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the subtraction.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this-rhs, using fixed point arithmetic.

subtract

public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal rhs,
                           MathContext set)

Returns a BigDecimal whose value is this-rhs.

Implements the subtraction (-) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see class header), and returns the result as a BigDecimal object.

Parameters:: rhs - The BigDecimal for the right hand side of the subtraction.; set - The MathContext arithmetic settings.
Returns:: A BigDecimal whose value is this-rhs.

byteValueExact

public byte byteValueExact()

Converts this BigDecimal to a byte. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part or is out of the possible range for a byte (8-bit signed integer) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns:: A byte equal in value to this.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if this has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a byte.

doubleValue

public double doubleValue()

Converts this BigDecimal to a double. If the BigDecimal is out of the possible range for a double (64-bit signed floating point) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

The double produced is identical to result of expressing the BigDecimal as a String and then converting it using the Double(String) constructor; this can result in values of Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY or Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY.

Specified by:: doubleValue in class Number

Returns:: A double corresponding to this.

equals

public boolean equals(Object obj)

Compares this BigDecimal with rhs for equality.

If the parameter is null, or is not an instance of the BigDecimal type, or is not exactly equal to the current BigDecimal object, then false is returned. Otherwise, true is returned.

"Exactly equal", here, means that the String representations of the BigDecimal numbers are identical (they have the same characters in the same sequence).

The compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext) method should be used for more general comparisons.

Overrides:: equals in class Object

Parameters:: obj - The Object for the right hand side of the comparison.
Returns:: A boolean whose value true if and only if the operands have identical string representations.
Throws:: ClassCastException - if rhs cannot be cast to a BigDecimal object.
See Also:: compareTo(BigDecimal), compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)

floatValue

public float floatValue()

Converts this BigDecimal to a float. If the BigDecimal is out of the possible range for a float (32-bit signed floating point) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

The float produced is identical to result of expressing the BigDecimal as a String and then converting it using the Float(String) constructor; this can result in values of Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY or Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY.

Specified by:: floatValue in class Number

Returns:: A float corresponding to this.

hashCode

public int hashCode()

Returns the hashcode for this BigDecimal. This hashcode is suitable for use by the java.util.Hashtable class.

Note that two BigDecimal objects are only guaranteed to produce the same hashcode if they are exactly equal (that is, the String representations of the BigDecimal numbers are identical -- they have the same characters in the same sequence).

Overrides:: hashCode in class Object

Returns:: An int that is the hashcode for this.

intValue

public int intValue()

Converts this BigDecimal to an int. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part it is discarded. If the BigDecimal is out of the possible range for an int (32-bit signed integer) result then only the low-order 32 bits are used. (That is, the number may be decapitated.) To avoid unexpected errors when these conditions occur, use the intValueExact() method.

Specified by:: intValue in class Number

Returns:: An int converted from this, truncated and decapitated if necessary.

intValueExact

public int intValueExact()

Converts this BigDecimal to an int. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part or is out of the possible range for an int (32-bit signed integer) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns:: An int equal in value to this.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if this has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in an int.

longValue

public long longValue()

Converts this BigDecimal to a long. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part it is discarded. If the BigDecimal is out of the possible range for a long (64-bit signed integer) result then only the low-order 64 bits are used. (That is, the number may be decapitated.) To avoid unexpected errors when these conditions occur, use the longValueExact() method.

Specified by:: longValue in class Number

Returns:: A long converted from this, truncated and decapitated if necessary.

longValueExact

public long longValueExact()

Converts this BigDecimal to a long. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part or is out of the possible range for a long (64-bit signed integer) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns:: A long equal in value to this.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if this has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a long.

movePointLeft

public BigDecimal movePointLeft(int n)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose decimal point has been moved to the left by a specified number of positions. The parameter, n, specifies the number of positions to move the decimal point. That is, if n is 0 or positive, the number returned is given by:

this.multiply(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(-n)))

n may be negative, in which case the method returns the same result as movePointRight(-n).

Parameters:: n - The int specifying the number of places to move the decimal point leftwards.
Returns:: A BigDecimal derived from this, with the decimal point moved n places to the left.

movePointRight

public BigDecimal movePointRight(int n)

Returns a plain BigDecimal whose decimal point has been moved to the right by a specified number of positions. The parameter, n, specifies the number of positions to move the decimal point. That is, if n is 0 or positive, the number returned is given by:

this.multiply(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(n)))

n may be negative, in which case the method returns the same result as movePointLeft(-n).

Parameters:: n - The int specifying the number of places to move the decimal point rightwards.
Returns:: A BigDecimal derived from this, with the decimal point moved n places to the right.

scale

public int scale()

Returns the scale of this BigDecimal. Returns a non-negative int which is the scale of the number. The scale is the number of digits in the decimal part of the number if the number were formatted without exponential notation.

Returns:: An int whose value is the scale of this BigDecimal.

setScale

public BigDecimal setScale(int scale)

Returns a plain BigDecimal with a given scale.

If the given scale (which must be zero or positive) is the same as or greater than the length of the decimal part (the scale) of this BigDecimal then trailing zeros will be added to the decimal part as necessary.

If the given scale is less than the length of the decimal part (the scale) of this BigDecimal then trailing digits will be removed, and in this case an ArithmeticException is thrown if any discarded digits are non-zero.

The same as setScale(int, int), where the first parameter is the scale, and the second is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY.

Parameters:: scale - The int specifying the scale of the resulting BigDecimal.
Returns:: A plain BigDecimal with the given scale.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if scale is negative.; ArithmeticException - if reducing scale would discard non-zero digits.

setScale

public BigDecimal setScale(int scale,
                           RoundingMode roundingMode)

setScale

public BigDecimal setScale(int scale,
                           int round)

Returns a plain BigDecimal with a given scale.

If the given scale is less than the length of the decimal part (the scale) of this BigDecimal then trailing digits will be removed, and the rounding mode given by the second parameter is used to determine if the remaining digits are affected by a carry. In this case, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown if round is not a valid rounding mode.

If round is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY, an ArithmeticException is thrown if any discarded digits are non-zero.

Parameters:: scale - The int specifying the scale of the resulting BigDecimal.; round - The int rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext class).
Returns:: A plain BigDecimal with the given scale.
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - if round is not a valid rounding mode.; ArithmeticException - if scale is negative.; ArithmeticException - if round is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY, and reducing scale would discard non-zero digits.

shortValueExact

public short shortValueExact()

Converts this BigDecimal to a short. If the BigDecimal has a non-zero decimal part or is out of the possible range for a short (16-bit signed integer) result then an ArithmeticException is thrown.

Returns:: A short equal in value to this.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if this has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a short.

signum

public int signum()

Returns the sign of this BigDecimal, as an int. This returns the signum function value that represents the sign of this BigDecimal. That is, -1 if the BigDecimal is negative, 0 if it is numerically equal to zero, or 1 if it is positive.

Returns:: An int which is -1 if the BigDecimal is negative, 0 if it is numerically equal to zero, or 1 if it is positive.

stripTrailingZeros

public BigDecimal stripTrailingZeros()

toBigInteger

public BigInteger toBigInteger()

Converts this BigDecimal to a java.math.BigInteger.

Any decimal part is truncated (discarded). If an exception is desired should the decimal part be non-zero, use toBigIntegerExact().

Returns:: The java.math.BigInteger equal in value to the integer part of this BigDecimal.

toBigIntegerExact

public BigInteger toBigIntegerExact()

Converts this BigDecimal to a java.math.BigInteger.

An exception is thrown if the decimal part (if any) is non-zero.

Returns:: The java.math.BigInteger equal in value to the integer part of this BigDecimal.
Throws:: ArithmeticException - if this has a non-zero decimal part.

toString

public String toString()

Returns the BigDecimal as a String. This returns a String that exactly represents this BigDecimal, as defined in the decimal documentation (see class header).

By definition, using the BigDecimal(String) constructor on the result String will create a BigDecimal that is exactly equal to the original BigDecimal.

Overrides:: toString in class Object

Returns:: The String exactly corresponding to this BigDecimal.
See Also:: format(int, int), format(int, int, int, int, int, int), toCharArray()

toPlainString

public String toPlainString()

toEngineeringString

public String toEngineeringString()

unscaledValue

public BigInteger unscaledValue()

Returns the number as a BigInteger after removing the scale. That is, the number is expressed as a plain number, any decimal point is then removed (retaining the digits of any decimal part), and the result is then converted to a BigInteger.

Returns:: The java.math.BigInteger equal in value to this BigDecimal multiplied by ten to the power of this.scale().

valueOf

public static BigDecimal valueOf(double dub)

Translates a double to a BigDecimal.

Returns a BigDecimal which is the decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary floating point parameter. If the parameter is infinite, or is not a number (NaN), a NumberFormatException is thrown.

The number is constructed as though num had been converted to a String using the Double.toString() method and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String) constructor had then been used. This is typically not an exact conversion.

Parameters:: dub - The double to be translated.
Returns:: The BigDecimal equal in value to dub.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the parameter is infinite or not a number.

valueOf

public static BigDecimal valueOf(long lint)

Translates a long to a BigDecimal. That is, returns a plain BigDecimal whose value is equal to the given long.

Parameters:: lint - The long to be translated.
Returns:: The BigDecimal equal in value to lint.

valueOf

public static BigDecimal valueOf(long lint,
                                 int scale)

Translates a long to a BigDecimal with a given scale. That is, returns a plain BigDecimal whose unscaled value is equal to the given long, adjusted by the second parameter, scale.

The result is given by:

(new BigDecimal(lint)).divide(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(scale)))

A NumberFormatException is thrown if scale is negative.

Parameters:: lint - The long to be translated.; scale - The int scale to be applied.
Returns:: The BigDecimal equal in value to lint.
Throws:: NumberFormatException - if the scale is negative.

round

public BigDecimal round(MathContext set)

shortValue

public short shortValue()

Specified by:: shortValue in class Number

byteValue

public byte byteValue()

Specified by:: byteValue in class Number

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java.math Class BigDecimal

Operator methods

ZERO

ONE

TEN

ROUND_CEILING

ROUND_DOWN

ROUND_FLOOR

ROUND_HALF_DOWN

ROUND_HALF_EVEN

ROUND_HALF_UP

ROUND_UNNECESSARY

ROUND_UP

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

BigDecimal

abs

abs

add

add

compareTo

divide

divide

divide

divide

divide

divide

divideToIntegralValue

divideToIntegralValue

max

min

multiply

multiply

negate

negate

plus

plus

pow

pow

precision

ulp

scaleByPowerOfTen

divideAndRemainder

divideAndRemainder

remainder

remainder

subtract

subtract

byteValueExact

doubleValue

equals

floatValue

hashCode

intValue

intValueExact

longValue

longValueExact

movePointLeft

movePointRight

scale

setScale

setScale

setScale

shortValueExact

signum

stripTrailingZeros

toBigInteger

java.math
Class BigDecimal